MAPK1 and colorectal cancer: It is known that the direct linkage between αvβ6 and ERK2 can increase the phosphorylation level of ERK2 in colorectal cancer cells, and activated ERK 1/2 can increase Ets-1 transcriptional activity by forming a signaling complex with Ets-1, which could enhance binding to the promoter region and induce transcriptional activation of genes involved in malignancy29, 30.