TP53 and Balkan nephropathy: This deoxyadenosine adduct causes characteristic A–T transversion mutations and such mutations were found in the TP53 tumour suppressor gene in tumors from AAN and BEN patients (Lord et al., 2004, Grollman et al., 2007) and in immortalized Hupki (human TP53 knock-in) mouse fibroblasts (HUFs) exposed to AAI (Nedelko et al., 2009).