To examine whether introduction of Ang-1 protects IFN-α/β/γR KO mice from lethal infection with P12/08, mice were treated with recombinant rhAng-1 at Days 1, 3, and 5 p.i. With no treatment (Fig 8), all mice died at Day 5 while with Ang-1 treatment, 50% of mice survived until Day 17 p.i. and 10% of mice survived until day 21 p.i. This suggests that the Tie/Angiopoietin system plays a critical role in this model. Here, TIE1 is linked to infection.