The tumor suppressor CYLD specifically digests Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains that are attached to the TNF receptor-associated factors, TRAF2 and TRAF6, as well as an essential NF-κB signaling component, NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) (Brummelkamp et al., 2003, Kovalenko et al., 2003, Trompouki et al., 2003). This evidence concerns the gene TRAF2 and neoplasm.