TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A more recent study also reported initial hyperexcitability followed by progressive loss of action potential output and synaptic activity, due to a progressive decrease in voltage-activated Na+ and K+ currents, in patient iPS cell-derived motoneurons, harboring transactivation response element (TAR) DNA-binding protein (TARDBP) or C9ORF72 ALS-causing mutations [223].