Our study also revealed an associations between lower levels of osteocalcin and both elevated serum inorganic P and increased levels of urea as well as between higher levels of osteoprotegerin and increased concentrations of inorganic P. In patients with CKD, it is well established that hyperphosphatemia is associated with the development of vascular calcification [27, 62, 96]. The gene discussed is BGLAP; the disease is hyperphosphatemia.