A different study on Metformin’s effect on human epidermoid carcinoma, shows a similar decrease in the activation of MAPK1433 with a suppressive effect on cancer cell proliferation; another study, shows that Metformin directly decreases the phosphorylation levels of MAPK14 in bovine granulosa cells35, a third study shows that Metformin, used in conjunction with gefitinib, decreased levels of MSH2 protein in human lung squamous cell carcinoma, again, through down regulation of MAPK1434. Here, MSH2 is linked to squamous cell lung carcinoma.