Consistent with the notion that regulation of the inflammatory response is key to the pathogenesis of IBD are data reporting a role for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in disease control [34,35]; of Nlrp3, and the “inflammasome” in DSS-induced colitis [36]-see also [37]; and of dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines in disease [38–42]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is colitis.