Our earlier studies found that intra-tumoral IL-17A-producing T cells (Th17) could promote tumor progression by fostering angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma [11]; whereas, mast cells expressing IL-17A in the muscularis propria predicted a favorable prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [22]. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.