PNP and cancer: Notably, the functional analysis showed that vancomycin induced remarkable abnormalities in renal tissues and caused injury, probabaly resulting in renal tissue damage and cancer (Table 6), with the involvement of molecular proteins of AHNAK, ANLN, BASP1, EDC4, NUMA1, PDXK, PNP, SDHAF2, SMARCA4, SNRNP200, and TUBA1C.