PDGF-A and PDGF-B and their receptors alphaR and betaR were found to be increased in both active inflammation and active fibrosis areas of IBD [48]. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional growth factor that regulates proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation of ECs, ECM synthesis, and vascular homeostasis. Here, TGFB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.