Analysis of six genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on autism implicates a number of ECM and PNN regulating molecules, including the ECM remodeling enzymes ADAMTS3, ADAMTS5, ADAMTS14, ECM molecules RELN, SEM3A, SEM4D, the hyaluronan surface receptor CD44, and OTX2, a transcription factor involved in PNN formation [255–263]. The gene discussed is RELN; the disease is autism.