The rats transplanted with untreated HPCs or HPCs pretreated with TGF-β1 for 12 h showed significant suppression of HSC activation, as indicated by the decreased expression of α-SMA and collagen I (Figures 5(a)–5(c)), suggesting that injection of HPCs exposed to TGF-β1 for an appropriate time is a novel therapeutic strategy to attenuate liver fibrosis. The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.