Specifically, genes related to tumour-suppressive function, including BTG2, TUSC1, BAK1, LATS2, FZD6 and PPP2R1B, were upregulated in TLX knockdown cells, but downregulated in TET3 knockdown cells (Fig. 8g and Supplementary Fig. 10), suggesting that the TLX-TET3 regulatory cascade could regulate the growth and self-renewal of GSCs through regulating these downstream tumour suppressors. This evidence concerns the gene TUSC1 and neoplasm.