PTGS2 and infection: Upon activation, these cells release various pro- and anti-inflammatory cyto-chemokines (for example, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) [11, 12], pro-inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)) [13], and reactive oxygen species [14] to combat infection.