MAPK8 and hydrops fetalis: Although we and others have previously observed increased JNK activation in the adipose tissue of HF-fed mice35, 36, in the present study we were unable to observe any significant dietary effect on JNK phosphorylation status (Fig. 4g and Supplementary Fig. 4) and the loss of PKR was also without effect on JNK phosphorylation status (Fig. 4g and Supplementary Fig. 4).