Additionally, Nano-CUR treatment caused a marked decrease in the levels of miRNA-21 (an onco-miRNA associated with chemo-resistance), in in vitro and in vivo models23, 24, and enhanced the expression of miRNA-214 (a tumor suppressor)25, 26, when compared to free CUR, besides decreasing the levels of IL-6 (Interleukin-6) cytokine expression which was found to be enhanced with BaP treatment. Here, IL6 is linked to neoplasm.