While CVB3 and oncolytic adenoviruses induce the surface expression of CRT, followed by the release of ATP and the passive release of HMGB1 in apoptotic tumor cells (in non-small cell lung carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cells, respectively) (43, 44), NDV induces necroptosis accompanied by the surface exposure of ATP and the post-necroptotic release of HMGB1 in GL261 glioma cells, with no contribution of ATP (Table 1) (45). Here, HMGB1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.