In cells treated with Twist1 siRNA, there were increased levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins BID and BAX as well as enhanced nuclear factor-κB and p53 activities.32, 38 Together, these data and our results concordantly substantiate a prominent role of Twist1/Bmi1 axis in the pathophysiology of AML. The gene discussed is BMI1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.