A previous study established that CQ enhances TMZ cytotoxicity in gliomas by blocking the ER chaperone and cell survival protein GRP78/BiP-dependent autophagy and inducing the expression of CHOP/GADD-153 (an ER stress proapoptotic protein) and PARP (an apoptotic maker) [48]. This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and central nervous system cancer.