When cell function and subset levels were cumulatively combined, ART’s inability (at least when limited to a 7 month duration as in this study) to fully restore the subsets’ functional and numeric levels was clearly demonstrated (Fig 5E), with cumulative scores at the last experimental point on ART still remarkably lower than those at pre-infection for intestinal Th17, Th22, and Th17/Th22 CD4+ T-cells (p<0.001 for all three subsets). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and infection.