Low amounts (<1% of total CD3+ T cells) of CD4+IFNγ+IL17+ and/or CD8+IFNγ+IL17+ T cell subsets were observed in 8 out of 18 tested bladder cancer patients and in 5 out of 17 tested renal cancer patients: no significant differences between tumoral and apparently free-of-tumor tissues, as well as between bladder and renal tissues were observed (not shown). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and neoplasm.