For this, we evaluated the mRNA expression of a panel of immune related cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β) and enzymes (5-LO, iNOS) in blood leukocytes from dogs with AKI and leptospirosis, including dogs with and without LAPH. Here, IL1B is linked to leptospirosis.