POU5F1 and lung cancer: For squamous cell carcinoma, Chen et al. measured POU5F1 expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer tissues and found that although the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma tissues which have elevated expression was smaller than that of adenocarcinoma, the increased expression of POU5F1 was associated with poor differentiation of cancer cells and shorter overall survival in both histologic subtype of lung cancer [30].