Pretreatment of mice with auranofin (a well-known disease-modifying gold compound used for rheumatoid arthritis recently proposed also for other therapeutic applications) [191] showed an interesting protective effect against hepatic injury caused by cocaine by inducing overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an important OS marker responsible for heme degradation [192]. Here, HMOX1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.