LYVE1 and medical procedure: Just recently, however, we reported that the dense HA surface capsule of pathogenic Group A streptococcus S. pyogenes, the causative agent of tonsillitis and necrotizing fasciitis, can bind LYVE-1 in lymphatic endothelium and that the interaction directs lymphatic dissemination of the microbe, thus indicating that the receptor is in fact active in vivo (37).