Rapid objective clinical responses were observed in HLA-DR(+) tumours, even in patients with other negative prognostic features, including a patient with bulky disease, elevated LDH, impaired functional status and failure of both ipilimumab and dabrafenib/trametinib, and a patient with a >10 cm liver mass and LDH>500 U l−1 following failure of interleukin-2 and ipilimumab (Fig. 5c). This evidence concerns the gene IL2 and neoplasm.