Surface expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells has been associated with activation of several oncogenic pathways including the p-ERK1/2/p-c-Jun pathway from EGFR activation, the PI3K/Akt and P13K/mTOR pathways as well as the STAT3 pathway from ALK activation in NSCLC31, 32. Here, AKT1 is linked to neoplasm.