Alternatively, to overcome the defective T-cell antitumor response, immunotherapy may be addressed to other cytotoxic effectors like macrophages.94 Treatment with CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) synergizes with anti-CD40 mAb (αCD40) to activate macrophage antitumor response against human and mouse CLL cells, resulting in little or no tumor growth. Here, CD40 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.