Since identical proteins (HIbI, HIbII) are translated from smICER and CREM-IbΔC-X mRNAs [25, 36] the cardiac overexpression of CREM-IbΔC-X should reflect to some extent consequences of the induction of short CREM repressor isoforms in the ventricle, and it may be speculated that the induction of CREM repressors in response to chronically elevated catecholamines contributes to the arrhythmogenic remodeling during the development of HF. Here, CREM is linked to hydrops fetalis.