PDCD1 and cancer: Here we also demonstrated that these sgRNA hPD-1:Cas9 modified primary T cells from healthy donors or late stage cancer patients exhibited enhanced IFN-γ production by stimulating with the related peptide antigens and at the same time we found improved tumor cells lysis by the disruption of PD-1 which may due to the reversed immune resistance mediated by PD-1/PDL1 interaction.