Tertiary lymphoid organ-like structures are common in tubulointerstitial inflammation and in situ antigen-driven selection of B cells that locally secrete pathogenic antibodies could occur in each of these structures.41 Lately, Kinloch et al42 identified vimentin as the dominant autoantigen driving in situ adaptive immunity in lupus tubulointerstitial nephritis. Here, VIM is linked to interstitial nephritis.