When 473 ccRCC patients were grouped into two clusters using hierarchical clustering analysis of expression of 199 AR-associated genes (191 positively-associated and 8 negatively- associated), patients with higher expression of genes positively-associated with AR as well as lower expression of genes negatively-associated with AR displayed significantly longer survival (Fig 5A). The gene discussed is AR; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.