AR was similarly protective against poor outcome when calculated for females (n = 162) (Fig 1C) and for males alone (n = 311) (Fig 1D), with a higher impact in females (p<0.0001) than in males (p = 0.0002), demonstrating that AR mRNA expression was associated with favorable outcome in this cohort of ccRCC patients. Here, AR is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.