Our data demonstrated that reinfected mice showed an increased production of IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-5, suggesting a pattern of mixed Th2/Th17 responsiveness, which was previously observed in studies with helminths [8–10, 39, 40] and also allergic disorders, such as rhinitis and asthma [41]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rhinitis.