MAP1LC3A and infection: When cells expressing mRFP-GFP-LC3 were subjected to Rapamycin (RAPA) treatment to induce autophagy before infection with S. Typhimurium, the number of both yellow (autophagosomes) and red (autolysosomes) puncta in STM-ΔspvB infected cells was significantly increased (Figure 2C & 2D).