Of physiological relevance, the expression of TNFα is reported to increase after infection of human oviducts with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vitro [32] and genetic deletion of IL13 in mice improves the rate of clearance after genital infection with Chlamydia muridarum [33], two bacterial pathogens known to induce an inflammatory response within the oviduct [34,35]. The gene discussed is IL13; the disease is infection.