In the substantia nigra of PD patients, NFκB nuclear content is increased specifically in the remaining dopaminergic neurons indicating that the NFκB signal transduction pathway is relevant to PD neuropathology in human tissue (Hunot et al., 1997), as well as in the MPTP model (Dehmer et al., 2004). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Parkinson disease.