While it is possible that less common non-synonymous functional variants in TLR4, that have been associated with other auto-inflammatory conditions [22, 23], may also associate with gout, it is likely that the effect of rs2149356 on the risk of gout is via an influence on expression of TLR4, either the amount of TLR4 produced and/or relative levels of isoforms. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is gout.