Lastly, miltefosin, a phosphorylcholine esther of hexadecanol is a medicine used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-1 co-infected individuals which has been shown to reduce HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T-cells that was, in part, caused by the onset of IFN type I production by DCs [64]. Here, CD4 is linked to visceral leishmaniasis.