IL6 and infection: Qian et al. [28] report an association between reduced serum IL-4 and severe infection (implying a correlation between reduced IL-4 and worse outcomes), but Garcia et al. [29] report an association between increased pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokines (such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6) and prolonged fatigue following symptomatic clinical WNV disease (implying a correlation between increased IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6 and worse outcomes).