IL-1 mimics aspects of infection and has been shown to exacerbate brain damage and neuronal deficit similar to the effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Denes et al., 2010a, Denes et al., 2010b, Denes et al., 2011, McColl et al., 2007a, McColl et al., 2007b). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.