Given that γδT cells can produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ, which are involved in the pathogenesis of RA and spondyloarthritis [25, 26], it is possible that pregnancy induces some dampening of the TNFα- or IFNγ-producing Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells. Here, TNF is linked to spondyloarthropathy.