In GvHD therapy, MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ were more effective than nontreated MSCs in suppressing GvHD and preventing mortality, even if their number was fivefold lower.130 It has also been shown that dexamethasone treatment can affect cytokine expression and inhibit the immunomodulation effect of MSCs.131 Therefore, the therapeutic potential of modified MSCs requires further exploration. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is graft versus host disease.