A number of them were found to be involved in non-translational functions such as synthesis of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and analogues in several bacteria, synthesis of MshC and LP-G in mycobacteria, lysinylation of elongation factor by epmA/genX products in Gram negatives and involvement in cardiovascular development, immune response, signalling events as in triggering metastatic events in human cancer [69, 70]. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is cancer.