CCL2 and neoplasm: Multiple biologically active molecules are secreted, such as macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), contributing to angiogenesis involving cell proliferation, migration, and the remodeling of endothelial cells [12], and providing a microenvironment favorable for tumor growth.