As evidence for the concept that both mTOR complexes are actively involved in regulating the survival of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells, Torin 2, a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, induced apoptosis in two papillary carcinoma cell lines, BCPAP and TPC, in association with reduced activity of Akt and downstream targets of p-Akt and mTOR complexes (62). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is differentiated thyroid carcinoma.