Regarding the involvement of RyR1 in muscular dystrophy, it is well established that dystrophin-deficient myofibers, especially those with malformed morphology (Lovering et al., 2009b; Hernández-Ochoa et al., 2015), have deficits in ECC (Collet et al., 1999; Woods et al., 2004, 2005; Hollingworth et al., 2008; Lovering et al., 2009b; Hernández-Ochoa et al., 2015), which is manifested as altered action potential-elicited RyR1 Ca2+ release from the SR (Woods et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene RYR1 and muscular dystrophy.