APOA1 and hereditary amyloidosis: In hereditary amyloidosis insoluble amyloid fibrils form when apoA-I mutants, like apoA-IIowa (G26R; Nichols et al., 1988; Das et al., 2014) or W50R (Booth et al., 1995; Das et al., 2014) aggregate, or when proteolytic cleaved fragments (D1–R83) progressively accumulate, leading to organ failure and death.