The fact that neutrophils isolated from patients with active SLE – thus constitutively displaying the so-called IFN signature (Fig. 7a) – produce higher levels of both IL-6 and TNFα in response to R848 than HD neutrophils is consistent with the in vitro effects of IFNα on the same cytokines (Figs 1a and 3a). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.