Systemic chemotherapy with the anthracycline Mitoxantrone (MTX) reduced the growth of autophagy-competent melanomas but not autophagy-deficient melanomas and this growth-inhibitory effect could be abolished by the combined depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes, indicating that autophagy-dependent anticancer immune response determined the efficacy of MTX in melanoma [83]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and melanoma.